| |
| |
 |
Vitamin E or Tocopherol |
ENCYCLOPAEDIA |
|
|
It is because of the circumstances of its discovery that tocopherol a long time kept the public image of vitamin of fruitfulness.
DISCOVERED
It was in 1922, H. Evans and K Bishop had just discovered the existence of a lipo-soluble factor whose absence, in the food of rats subjected to an artificial mode supplemented with the only known vitamins â the time (A, B, C and D), caused the death of the fetuses at the females in gestation and the atrophy of the testicles in the males.
One suspected the deficiency in a still unknown vitamin, and the work continued until 1926 made it possible to find this factor in the green sheets and the germs of cereals: when the mode of the rats was enriched in germs by corn, the disorders (death of the fetus, atrophies testicles) disappeared.
One allotted the letter E to the new vitamin, and the effects of its deficiency made it baptize "tocopherol" (of the Greek word tocos, descent, and pherein, to carry).
In 1936, Evans and Emerson extracted it from the oil of corn germ and, in 1938, the synthesis was carried out by it by P. Karrer.
It was noted then that the effects of the vitamin E largely exceeded the framework of a simple action on the reproduction: initially in the deprived animals, where one highlighted cerebral lesions, muscular and hepatic, then, much more recently, in the human being, where it was recognized that tocopherols constitute essential elements.
The term "tocopherol" covers, actually, several factors: alpha, beta, gamma, delta-tocopherols.
The tocotrinols represent a family close to tocopherols.
CHARACTERISTICS
All tocopherols have, â the ambient temperature, the same aspect: they are liquids oily, viscous, yellow pale.
They are insoluble in water and very soluble in greases and solvents of greases (ether, acetone, chloroform, methanol, alcohols).
In free form, they are antioxidants they are thus destroyed by oxygen and oxidants.
In absence of oxygen, they are stable with heat (at the time of the cooking of food, the loss is approximately 20 %) and with the acids, but they are sensitive to the light.
From where interest to preserve the products which comprise some in closed and opaque bottles.
Their absorption, in the average part of the small intestine, is closely related to the digestion of greases and requires the presence of biliary salts and pancreatic lipase. Absorptive at the same time as the fatty components, tocopherols join general circulation by the lymphatic channel.
In the blood plasma, the rate of alpha tocopherol is correlated with that of the total lipids: it is related to lipoproteins LDL and HDL, which transport the "bad one", cholesterol and "good" cholesterol.
II is interesting to note that there is a notable difIronence according to the sex. Among women, the majority of tocopherols are related to lipoproteins IDL.
At the men, the majority is related to lipoproteins LDL.
The fabrics collect tocopherols starting from the lipoproteins of blood.
The organization contains some from 3,4 to 8 G in the adult, at very variable rates according to fabrics. The synthetic form, i.e. the vitamin E manufactured in laboratory (most current is the acetate of alpha-tocopherol) contains 8 stereophony-isomers.
The natural form is one of these stereophony-isomers: the alpha-tocopherol RRR.
A conveyor, "Tocopherol Binding Protein" (TBP), selects the alpha-tocopherol RRR, and eliminates the other synthetic forms.
ROLES
They are the negative effects of its deficiency on the fruitfulness and the reproduction which brought the discovery of the vitamin E, but the importance of its role very largely exceeds this framework.
Although the multiplicity of its effects and its mechanisms of action are not yet clearly established, it appears that the antioxidant properties of the vitamin E are probably most important, among many other physiological phenomena.
ANTIOXYDANT
Powerful antioxidant, alpha tocopherol acts while preventing or by stopping the chain reactions which generate the free radicals.
It was seen that those are molecules which, comprising a lone electron, are unstable and can attack any other molecule (fatty acids of the membranes of the cells, greases circulating in blood, proteins, vitamins, nucleic acids of genes...). A damaged fatty acid becomes him even radicalizing and will damage its neighbor.
It is the propagation in chain. The reaction can end in the formation of an aldehyde, like the malonedialdehyde (MDA), which one can today proportion in blood to evaluate the degree of "oxidative stress".
The MDA is him also highly toxic since it can damage genes; this deterioration of genes is daily. The pr. Hearts, of the university of Berkeley, calculated that each day the genes of each cell undergo approximately 10.000 lesions by these free radicals and their derivatives.
1. The vitamin E is employed like additive (E 306, 307, 308, 309) in the food fat content, of which it delays rancidity.
An effective system of repair makes it possible to replace the parts of damaged genes.
But this system is unfortunately coded him even by genes, which also finish by being damaged.
With the result that with the age the not repaired lesions accumulate.
Thus, the genes which constitute the programs of operation of our cells comprise errors more and more. It is one of the major phenomena which explain the decline of the various functions with the age.
-When the touched genes relate to the multiplication of the cells, it is the initiation of a cancer, which seems one of the expressions of this phenomenon of erosion by the free radicals.
- When circulating greases are oxidized by the free radicals (in particular by those which the white globules in the arterial wall emit which they is precisely charged to purify of greases which accumulate), it is the starter of the atherosclerosis.
-If the proteins of the crystalline lens are oxidized, it is the cataract.
- When the neuronal structures are oxidized, it is then the fall of intellectual faculties, the disease of Alzheimer or the Parkinson's disease.
These free radicals come from the exposure to external pollutants, sun excess, alcohol excess, heating excess, tobacco, various chemical pollution, certain drugs, scanner, and radiotherapy; or of internal pollutants: the combustion of sugars and greases which gives us our energy is unfortunately incomplete; approximately 5% of this energy is dissipated then in the organization in the form of free radicals.
In addition, the infections, the allergy and the chronic ignition activate the white globules, which also release from the free radicals.
It is thus essential for our "maintenance" to neutralize to the maximum this oxidative stress.
The vitamin E, beta-carotene and the vitamin C are the three musketeers who, beside other systems, achieve this mission of first importance.
A molecule of vitamin E moves between a few hundreds of fatty acids polyunsaturated in order to protect them. If a radical attacks one of them, either the molecule of vitamin E interposes, or it repairs it, fascinating on it the lone electron.
But, of the blow, it is out of combat and will be eliminated from the organization because, oxidized, it became unable to continue its reducing mission.
Unless, chivalrous, the vitamin C does not come to be sacrificed to its place and to reduce it so that it can turn over to the battle. It is then a molecule of vitamin C which is eliminated.
Thus the vitamin E takes care on the membranes of our cells and the envelope of circulating greases (their interior is protected by beta-carotene).
Each time we are exposed â a pollutant, each time our metabolism increases intensity (at the time of a rich meal, a physical effort or a psychological stress, for example), we spend a part of our reserves by putting our three musketeers at contribution.
CONTROL BLOOD PLATES
But the vitamin E is not only one antioxidant.
It acts by other mechanisms still badly elucidated to control the hyperactivity of the blood plates, dangerous for the cardiovascular system, and to reduce the proliIronation of the muscular cells smooth, which invade the arterial walls in the atherosclerosis, like that of certain cancerous cells.
|
|
|
 |
Our selection |
 |
|
|
 | | Spiruline | Price : 19.90 € | | L'algue bleue |  Pilulier de 120 gélules. Sur les asthénies physiques et psychiques, la dépression, l'impuissance, la frigidité, la cure d'amaigrissement comme coupe-faim en début des repas, le surmenage physique. |
|
  | | Méga Tonique Nature | Price : 29.90 € | | Revitalisation physique et psychique. | Pilulier de 120 gélules. Composition : Ginseng rouge, acérola, gelée royale. Ses composants vous aidera à retrouver votre vitalité, équilibre et sérénité, troubles du sommeil. |
|
 | | Oro | Price : 39.90 € | | Une peau tonique et hâlée toute l’année. | Pilulier de 180 gélules. Prépare la peau au bronzage, lutte contre les rides et l’acné. |
|
 | | Omega 3.6.9. | Price : 29.90 € | | Huiles de poissons sauvages des mers froides | Pilulier de 120 gélules. Equilibre cardio-vasculaire. Soutien de l'humeur. Lutte contre le stress et l'anxiéte. Puissant anti-oxydants. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Supplementary food
Vitamin A
