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Lacking signs and deficiencies |
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The clinical symptoms are installed gradually and in a very discrete way in several weeks, sometimes over several months. They appear initially with an increasing tiredness, anorexia, and slimming. Then it appears, in a more or less marked way, signs of anemia, neurological attacks, and also skin and the mucous membranes.
Anemia translates into paleness, a small icterus (yellow coloring of the skin and mucous membranes), a little temperature and breathlessness. Other signs are or less severe cardiac signs more or less severe from simple breathe, to the failure or the pectoris angina. But, in general, anemia is discovered at the time of a systematic examination.
The neurological attack is more frequent as the deficiency is older. It constitutes sometimes the only symptom, especially when the deficiency, detected for a long time, was the subject of symptomatic therapeutic, blind and insufficient, which helped disappear the hematological signs but did not prevent the neurological evolution.
It appears through a bilateral sensitive attack of the peripheral nervous terminations with paraesthesias (non-painful feelings, numbness, swarming...). It gets first to the lower limbs, in an intermittent way, then continuous; it goes then to the abdomen, sometimes the front arm.
It is accompanied with a decrease in superficial deep sensitivity and ; sometimes from an aggravation or a loss from the sense of smell, and rarely, from an atrophy of the optic nerve.
Finally, deficiency in Bl2 vitamin causes disorders of the memory, irritability, and a latent depressive state.
Attacks on the skin and the mucous membranes. It is especially glossier, inflammation of the tongue with important pains caused by hot drinks. The tongue is smooth, glazed, inflamed.
There is sometimes also an abnormal pigmentation of the skin, and a tendency for hair fall or the graying of the hair.
Lastly, the deficiency in Bl2 vitamin can be responsible for sterility among certain young women. With the man, it can cause impotencies and disorders of the urination.
The blood symptoms relate to all the lines of blood cells. There is initially an increase in the volume of the red globules (which can remain, during months, and even years, the only anomaly), then an anemia and, finally, an attack on the white globules.
As mentioned above, it is the defect of maturation and multiplication of blood cells on the level of the bone marrow which is responsible for the existence of the megaloblasts, cells stocks is the origin of giant red globules.
DEFICIENT INTAKE
In France, and generally in the rich countries, the contribution deficiciencies in Bl2 vitamin are rare, because we consume many food of animal origin.
We notice in the following subject :
• In the vegetarians where the number increased in the industrialized populations (the United Kingdom has for example, 11 %). In addition, in the fibers rich regime it supports also the excretion of the Bl2 vitamin.
• Children breast fed from vegetarians mothers. A supplementation in Bl2 vitamin helps to eradicate very quickly signs of deficiency.
ABSORPTION DEFAULT
More serious are the deficiencies due to defects of absorption, either innate or acquired. The absorption of the Bl2 vitamin is primarily related to the intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach wall cells , any attack on the stomachic mucous membrane (whether an atrophy, an infection or a resection) affects the absorption of the B12 vitamin.
It is the same for intestinal attack (and especially the final part: the ileum, from where the vitamin penetrates). As we grow old we absorbs less Bl2 vitamin.
INNATE DEFICIENCIES
The innate deficiencies relate to a malabsorption with congenital deficit of the intrinsic factor.
Certain congenital defects affect the intracellular metabolism of Bl2 vitamin, preventing it from carrying out the synthesis of coenzymes active.
GROUP AT RISK
Groups which can be prone to contribution deficiencies are vegetarians especially the vegetarians and their children.
Chronic alcoholic people are deficient from all vitamins of B group.
Old people. People suffering from digestive affections gastritis from lack of acid secretions (frequent with old people), stomach, ablation diverticulose or presence of abnormal cavities on the level of (intestine, Crohn disease. People treated during long period with medication interferes with the metabolism of the Bl2 vitamin.
• The metfonnine (Glucopbage, Glucophage Delay, Stagid, Glucinan, Diabiphage, Glucosufa), anti-diabetic ;
• The anti-ulcerous ones such as the cimetidine (Tagamet, Edalène) or the ranitidine (Azantac, Raniplex) ;
• The colchicine (Colchimax, Colchicine HoudO, used for the gout ;
• The neomycin, antibiotic which is found in 50 specialties.
• The pill also lowers the rate of Bl2 vitamin.
OVERDOSE RISK
For the human being there is , no known toxicity of the Bl2. vitamin However, in adults having received, in a way continuous and prolonged, strong doses of Bl2 vitamin, we see the appearance of antibody anti B12. It is also necessary to hold account that with high doses there is a risk of evolutionary push of malignant tumors, because of the action of the vitamin on the multiplication of tissues.
Lastly, we see some allergic reactions immune (skin demonstrations) after injection administration , and other side effects (itching, urinary, redness, acne, urine becomes red and pain at the point of injection). Certain people are also allergic to the Bl2 vitamin taken through digestive tract.
PRESCRIPTION
The indications and modes of administration are function of the symptoms and the causes.
• contribution deficiciencies is easily fought by taking complements by oral way.
• Deficiencies through the attack of the intermediate or cellular metabolism, is also curable by oral way.
• The malabsoption deficiencies which require, administration by other way than digestive (punctures...).
other indications are resulting from clinical observations, and we often use Bl2 vitamin, only or jointly, with the vitamins B1 and B6 :
• Like additive anti-pain during neurological affections (painful sciatic nerves, neuralgias
cervico-brachiales, neuropathies, optical neuritis).
• Like activator of the general metabolism, antiasthenic (by strong doses).
• In the multiple sclerosis.
• In detoxification at the time of the intoxications of cyanide.
• In eye lotion in the keratitis and wounds of the cornea.
But the most frequent use by far should be the preventive supplementation of deteriorations of the intellectual functions for the old people, as it was described for the B9 vitamin.
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Supplementary food
